Arts et Métiers (Ancien Modèle) Along with the wholesale redrawing of the map of Paris, Baron Haussmann transformed the urban experience by commissioning and installing tens of thousands of pieces of street furniture-kiosks, Morris columns, pissoirs, garden gates, and, above all, street lamps. By th
Photograph by Charles Marville
Haussmann's renovation of Paris was a vast public works programme commissioned by French Emperor Napoleon III and directed by his prefect of Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, between 1853 and 1870.
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